![]() Declivitata Fürsch and the African species of Micraspis). Psyllobora Chevrolat (including Oxytella Weise) and Xanthadalia Crotch (incl. Further possible synonyms are discussed, for example, Coccinella Linnaeus (incl. Coelophora Mulsant species) and Phrynocaria Timberlake sensu n. (Oriental and Australian species), Microcaria Crotch sensu n. Based on our phylogenetic results, new generic groups are defined for Coccinellini, and new generic amendmentsĪre proposed as follows: Micraspis Chevrolat sensu n. Our analyses also indicate that several currently recognized genera of Coccinellini are para- or polyphyletic. The phylogenetic relationships between them are: (A, (B, (C, D))). former Halyziini, Singhikaliini and Discotomini). ![]() former Tytthaspidini), the Cycloneda group (Clade B), the Hippodamia group (Clade C) and the Synonycha group (Clade D Coccinellini is further divided into four main clades as follows: the Coccinella group (Clade A incl. Our phylogenetic analyses indicate a monophyletic Coccinellini (former Coccinellinae) containing previously recognized tribes. The morphological analyses comprised 301 terminals and 61 discrete characters that were analysed by parsimony (MP). For the molecular analysis, we gathered DNA sequence data from 164 species in 57 genera (and outgroups) from five nuclear genes and one mitochondrial (COI) gene. In this study, we performed phylogenetic analyses of molecular and morphological data. The identification key provided here may be useful in biological control programs.Ĭoccinellini, the ‘true ladybirds’, is a large, cosmopolitan tribe of ladyīeetles with immense variability in colour and form that include many commonly recognized species and major biocontrol agents, as well as some ubiquitous invasive species. The morphological study, which included the use of scanning electron microscopy, revealed new characters such as the type of tarsal claws, spiracles, chalazae, parascoli and strumae. The following species are included: Cycloneda sanguinea (Linnaeus, 1763), Eriopis connexa (Germar, 1824), Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773), Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Méneville, 1842 and Olla v-nigrum (Mulsant, 1866). We provide descriptions and illustrations of the immatures and adults of major predatory Coccinellini species in southern Brazil along with an identification key for fourth instar larvae and pupae. Although the beneficial status of these beetles has been acknowledged by biological control researchers, there are no keys or detailed studies on the immature stages of South American Coccinellidae, especially Coccinellini. ![]() Among the predatory ladybird beetles (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera), members of the Coccinellini, predators of aphids and psyllids, stand out.
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